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甚麼是脂肪肝?
#腸胃肝臟科
脂肪肝(Steatotic Liver Disease)是一種常見的慢性肝病,在香港脂肪肝患者約佔成年人口的27%1。當脂肪佔肝臟整體重量的5至10%時2,已經算是患上脂肪肝,同時有機會引發連串健康問題,演變成各種肝臟相關疾病,包括肝硬化甚至肝癌等嚴重疾病3,因此出現脂肪肝時,就要謹慎處理。
脂肪肝種類
脂肪肝主要可分為兩類,包括酒精性脂肪肝(Alcohol-related Liver Disease,簡稱 ALD)及代謝性脂肪肝(Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease,簡稱 MASLD)。
代謝性脂肪肝以往被稱為非酒精性脂肪肝(Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease,簡稱NAFLD),2023年被重新命名4,目的在於更準確地描述該疾病。
酒精性脂肪肝及代謝性脂肪肝本身也是疾病,亦同時是其他肝臟疾病的起點。例如代謝性脂肪肝炎(Metabolic-associated steatohepatitis,簡稱MASH),就是當代謝性脂肪肝出現炎症,並使肝臟纖維化後所引發的病症。
較罕見的還有隱源性脂肪肝(Cryptogenic Steatotic Liver Disease)5,這種脂肪肝則是由不明原因所引發。
- Center For Liver Health. Hong Kong SLD data press release 2012. Available from: https://livercenter.com.hk/article/逾四分一成年港人患有脂肪肝-情況不容忽視-中大首推無創肝脂肪檢查-助患者及早診斷/ [Accessed 19 Feb 2024].
- MedlinePlus; An official website of the United States government. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease/ [Accessed 19 Feb 2024].
- Elizabeth E Powell, Vincent Wai-Sun Wong, Mary Rinella. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The Lancet Journal. Available from: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)32511-3/abstract [Accessed 19 Feb 2024].
- UChicago Medicine, Fatty liver disease gets a new name. Available from: https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/forefront/gastrointestinal-articles/fatty-liver-disease-becomes-steatotic-liver-disease-chicago-metabolic-liver-clinic-expert-rinella [Accessed 19 Feb 2024].
- Cleveland Clinic. Steatotic (Fatty) Liver Disease. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15831-fatty-liver-disease [Accessed 19 Feb 2024].
- Helmut K Seitz, Ramon Bataller, Helena Cortez-Pinto, et al. Alcoholic liver disease. Nature Reviews Disease Primers. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41572-018-0014-7 [Accessed 19 Feb 2024].
- Mayo Clinic. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nonalcoholic-fatty-liver-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20354567 [Accessed 19 Feb 2024].
- Catiele Antunes; Mohammadreza Azadfard; Gilles J. Hoilat; Mohit Gupta. Fatty Liver. Available from: StatPearls. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441992/ [Accessed 19 Feb 2024].
- Mayo Clinic. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nonalcoholic-fatty-liver-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354573 [Accessed 19 Feb 2024].
- Catiele Antunes; Mohammadreza Azadfard; Gilles J. Hoilat; Mohit Gupta. Fatty Liver. Available from: StatPearls. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441992/ [Accessed 19 Feb 2024].